Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea phepelo ea matla a kristale ea metsi ke haholo ho fetolela matla a mains a 220V hore e be maqhubu a fapaneng a tsitsitseng a hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ponts'o ea kristale ea metsi, le ho fana ka motlakase o sebetsang bakeng sa lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa taolo, li-circuits tsa logic, liphanele tsa taolo, jj. . ka ponts'o ea kristale ea mokelikeli, le botsitso ba eona ba ho sebetsa E ama ka ho toba hore na mochine oa LCD o ka sebetsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.
1. Sebopeho sa potoloho ea phepelo ea motlakase ea kristale ea mokelikeli
Potoloho ea phepelo ea matla a kristale ea mokelikeli haholo-holo e hlahisa 5V, 12V voltage e sebetsang.Har'a bona, motlakase oa 5V o fana haholo ka matla a sebetsang bakeng sa potoloho ea logic ea boto e kholo le mabone a pontšo holim'a phanele ea ts'ebetso;motlakase oa 12V haholo-holo o fana ka motlakase o sebetsang bakeng sa boto ea matla a phahameng le boto ea bakhanni.
Potoloho ea matla e entsoe haholo-holo ka potoloho ea filthara, potoloho ea filthara ea borokho, potoloho e kholo ea switch, switch switch, rectifier filthara, potoloho ea ts'ireletso, potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala, molaoli oa PWM joalo-joalo.
Har'a tsona, karolo ea potoloho ea AC filter ke ho felisa ho kena-kenana ha maqhubu a phahameng ho li-main (linear filter circuit ka kakaretso e entsoe ka li-resistors, capacitors le inductors);karolo ea potoloho ea filthara ea borokho ke ho fetolela 220V AC ho 310V DC;switch circuit Mosebetsi oa rectification filter circuit ke ho fetolela matla a DC a hoo e ka bang 310V ka tube ea switching le switching transformer hore e be pulse voltages tsa amplitudes tse fapaneng;ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea filthara ea ho lokisa ke ho fetolela phallo ea motlakase oa pulse ka sesebelisoa sa switching hore e be motlakase oa mantlha oa 5V o hlokoang ke mojaro kamora ho lokisoa le ho sefa le 12V;Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea tšireletso ea overvoltage ke ho qoba tšenyo ea tube ea ho fetola kapa phepelo ea motlakase e bakoang ke mojaro o sa tloaelehang kapa mabaka a mang;mosebetsi oa molaoli oa PWM ke ho laola ho fetoha ha tube ea ho fetola le ho laola potoloho ho ea ka matla a maikutlo a potoloho ea tšireletso.
Ea bobeli, molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa potoloho ea phepelo ea matla a kristale ea mokelikeli
Potoloho ea phepelo ea motlakase ea ponts'o ea kristale ea metsi ka kakaretso e amohela mokhoa oa ho fetoha oa potoloho.Potoloho ena ea phepelo ea motlakase e fetola motlakase oa AC 220V hore e be motlakase oa DC ka potoloho ea ho lokisa le ho sefa, ebe e khaoloa ka tšupu e feto-fetohang ebe e theoleloa fatše ke transformer ea maqhubu a phahameng ho fumana motlakase oa maqhubu a khutlonnetsepa.Kamora ho lokisoa le ho sefa, motlakase oa DC o hlokoang ke mojule ka mong oa LCD oa tsoa.
Se latelang se nka pontšo ea kristale ea metsi ea AOCLM729 e le mohlala oa ho hlalosa molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa potoloho ea motlakase ea kristale ea metsi.Potoloho ea matla ea pontšo ea kristale ea metsi ea AOCLM729 haholo-holo e entsoe ka potoloho ea filthara ea AC, potoloho ea borokho bo lokisang borokho, potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala, potoloho e kholo ea switch, rectifier filter circuit, potoloho ea tšireletso ea overvoltage joalo-joalo.
Setšoantšo sa 'mele sa boto ea potoloho ea motlakase:
Setšoantšo sa schematic sa potoloho ea matla:
- AC filter potoloho
Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea filthara ea AC ke ho sefa lerata le hlahisoang ke mohala oa ho kenya AC le ho hatella lerata la maikutlo le hlahisoang ka har'a phepelo ea motlakase.
Lerata le ka hare ho phepelo ea motlakase haholo-holo le kenyelletsa lerata le tloaelehileng le lerata le tloaelehileng.Bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase ea mokhahlelo o le mong, ho na le lithapo tsa motlakase tse 2 tsa AC le terata e le 'ngoe ea fatše ka lehlakoreng la ho kenya.Lerata le hlahisoang pakeng tsa lithapo tse peli tsa motlakase tsa AC le terata ea fatše ka lehlakoreng la ho kenya matla ke lerata le tloaelehileng;lerata le hlahisoang pakeng tsa lithapo tse peli tsa motlakase tsa AC ke lerata le tloaelehileng.Potoloho ea AC filter e sebelisoa haholo ho sefa mefuta ena e 'meli ea lerata.Ho phaella moo, e boetse e sebetsa e le tšireletso ea potoloho ea overcurrent le tšireletso ea overvoltage.Har'a tsona, fuse e sebelisoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea overcurrent, 'me varistor e sebelisetsoa ho kenya letsoho ho sireletsa matla a ho feta.Setšoantšo se ka tlase ke sets'oants'o sa moralo oa potoloho ea filthara ea AC.
Setšoantšong, li-inductors L901, L902, le li-capacitor C904, C903, C902, le C901 li etsa sefahla sa EMI.Li-inductors L901 le L902 li sebelisoa ho sefa lerata le tloaelehileng le tlase;C901 le C902 li sebelisoa ho sefa lerata le tloaelehileng la maqhubu a tlase;C903 le C904 li sebelisetsoa ho sefa lerata le tloaelehileng le tloaelehileng (high frequency electromagnetic interference);mohanyetsi oa hona joale oa moeli oa R901 le R902 li sebelisetsoa ho ntša capacitor ha polaka ea matla e sa buleha;inshorense F901 e sebelisoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea overcurrent, 'me varistor NR901 e sebelisoa bakeng sa tšireletso ea voltage overvoltage.
Ha plug ea matla ea ponts'o ea kristale ea mokelikeli e kenngoa ka har'a sokete ea matla, 220V AC e feta ka fuse F901 le varistor NR901 ho thibela tšusumetso ea ho phatloha, ebe e feta potolohong e entsoeng ka li-capacitor C901, C902, C903, C904, resistors R901, R902, le inductors L901, L902.Kenya potoloho ea borokho ka mor'a potoloho e khahlanong le tšitiso.
2. Potoloho ea filthara ea borokho
Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea filthara ea borokho ke ho fetolela 220V AC hore e be motlakase oa DC ka mor'a ho lokisoa ka botlalo, ebe o fetola motlakase hore o be makhetlo a mabeli a motlakase oa mains kamora ho sefa.
Potoloho ea filthara ea borokho e entsoe haholo-holo ka borokho bo lokisang borokho DB901 le filthara capacitor C905..
Setšoantšong, borokho bo lokisang borokho bo entsoe ka li-diode tse 4 tsa rectifier, 'me capacitor ea filthara ke 400V capacitor.Ha li-main tsa 220V AC li sefuoa, li kena ho se lokisa borokho.Kamora hore mochini o lokisang borokho o etse tokiso e felletseng holim'a likhoele tsa AC, e fetoha motlakase oa DC.Ebe motlakase oa DC o fetoloa motlakase oa 310V DC ka mochini o hloekisang C905.
3. potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala
Mosebetsi oa potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala ke ho thibela ts'ebetso ea hang-hang ea hona joale ho capacitor ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng le e ka tšeptjoang ea phepelo ea matla a ho fetola.Kaha motlakase oa pele ho capacitor ke zero nakong eo potoloho ea ho kenya e sebelisoa, ho tla thehoa motlakase o moholo oa hang-hang, 'me hona joale hona joale ho tla etsa hore fuse ea ho kenya e phatlohe, kahoo potoloho e qalang e bonolo e hloka ho behoa.Potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala e entsoe haholo ka li-resistars tse qalang, li-diode tsa rectifier, le li-filter capacitor.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong ke setšoantšo sa moralo oa potoloho e bonolo ea ho qala.
Setšoantšong, bahanyetsi ba R906 le R907 ke bahanyetsi ba lekanang le 1MΩ.Kaha bahanyetsi bana ba na le boleng bo boholo ba ho hanyetsa, hona joale ho sebetsa ha bona ho nyane haholo.Ha phepelo ea motlakase e sa tsoa qala, mochini o qalang oa ho sebetsa o hlokoang ke SG6841 o eketsoa setsing sa ho kenya (pin 3) sa SG6841 kamora ho theoloa ke motlakase o phahameng oa 300V DC ka li-resistor R906 le R907 ho hlokomela qalo e bonolo. .Hang ha tube e fetohang e fetoha boemo bo tloaelehileng ba ho sebetsa, motlakase oa maqhubu a phahameng a thehiloeng holim'a sesebelisoa se fetohang o lokisoa le ho sefshoa ke rectifier diode D902 le filter capacitor C907, ebe e fetoha motlakase o sebetsang oa SG6841 chip, le ho qala- up process e felile.
4. ka sehloohong switjha potoloho
Mosebetsi oa potoloho e kholo ea phetoho ke ho fumana motlakase oa maqhubu a khutlonnetsepa a phahameng ka ho fetola li-tube chopping le ho theoha ha transformer e phahameng-frequency.
Potoloho e ka sehloohong ea ho fetola e entsoe haholo-holo ka switching tube, PWM controller, switching transformer, overcurrent protection circuit, high voltage protection circuit joalo-joalo.
Setšoantšong, SG6841 ke molaoli oa PWM, e leng motheo oa phepelo ea motlakase.E ka hlahisa lets'oao la ho khanna le nang le maqhubu a tsitsitseng le bophara bo feto-fetohang ba pulse, le ho laola boemo ba ho tima ha tube ea switching, ka hona e lokisa motlakase o tsoang ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tsitsisa ha motlakase..Q903 ke switching tube, T901 ke switching transformer, 'me potoloho e entsoe ka voltage regulator tube ZD901, resistor R911, transistors Q902 le Q901, le resistor R901 ke overvoltage tšireletso potoloho.
Ha PWM e qala ho sebetsa, pinana ea 8th ea SG6841 e hlahisa leqhubu la pulse rectangular (ka kakaretso maqhubu a phallo ea phallo ke 58.5kHz, 'me potoloho ea mosebetsi ke 11.4%).Pulse e laola switching tube Q903 ho etsa ketso ea switching ho latela maqhubu a eona a ts'ebetso.Ha switching tube Q903 e lula e buloa/e tima ho etsa oscillation ea boithatelo, transformer T901 e qala ho sebetsa mme e hlahisa matla a oscillating.
Ha phallo ea phallo ea pin 8 ea SG6841 e le boemong bo phahameng, ho buloa tube ea Q903, 'me joale coil e ka sehloohong ea phetoho ea T901 e na le hona joale e phallang ho eona, e hlahisang likhahla tse ntle le tse mpe;ka nako e ts'oanang, ea bobeli ea transformer e hlahisa li-voltages tse ntle le tse mpe.Ka nako ena, diode D910 ka bobeli e khaotsoe, 'me sethaleng sena ke sebaka sa polokelo ea matla;ha sephetho sa tlhahiso ea pin 8 ea SG6841 se le boemong bo tlaase, tube ea Q903 ea phetoho e khaotsoe, 'me hona joale ho coil e ka sehloohong ea phetoho ea T901 e fetoha hang-hang.ke 0, matla a electromotive a mantlha a tlase a le ntle le a holimo, 'me matla a electromotive a ka holimo a nepahetseng le a tlaase a susumetsoa ho ea bobeli.Ka nako ena, diode D910 e buletsoe 'me e qala ho hlahisa motlakase.
(1) Potoloho ea tšireletso ea overcurrent
Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa potoloho ea tšireletso ea overcurrent ke ka tsela e latelang.
Ka mor'a hore tube ea Q903 e buloe, hona joale e tla phalla ho tloha ho drain ho ea mohloling oa switch tube Q903, 'me motlakase o tla hlahisoa ka R917.Resistor R917 ke mochine o thibelang ho lemoha hona joale, 'me motlakase o hlahisoang ke oona o kenngoa ka ho toba ho terminal ea ho kenya e sa fetoheng ea comparator ea overcurrent detector ea PWM controller SG6841 chip (e leng pin 6), ha feela motlakase o feta 1V, e tla etsa hore molaoli oa PWM SG6841 a kene ka hare Potoloho ea hona joale ea tšireletso e qala, e le hore pinana ea 8 e emise ho hlahisa maqhubu a pulse, 'me tube ea switching le switching transformer e khaotse ho sebetsa ho hlokomela tšireletso e feteletseng.
(2) Potoloho e phahameng ea tšireletso ea motlakase
Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa potoloho e phahameng ea ts'ireletso ea motlakase o tjena.
Ha motlakase oa marang-rang o eketseha ho feta boleng bo phahameng, motlakase o hlahisoang ke coil ea karabo ea transformer le oona o tla eketseha.Motlakase o tla feta 20V, ka nako ena motlakase oa motlakase oa ZD901 o robehile, 'me ho theoha ha motlakase ho etsahala ho resistor R911.Ha ho theoha ha motlakase ke 0.6V, transistor Q902 e buloa, ebe setsi sa transistor Q901 se fetoha boemo bo phahameng, e le hore transistor Q901 e boetse e buletsoe.Ka nako e ts'oanang, diode D903 e boetse e buletsoe, e leng se etsang hore pin ea 4 ea "PWM controller SG6841 chip" e thehoe, e leng se etsang hore ho be le nako e khutšoanyane ea nako e khutšoanyane, e leng se etsang hore molaoli oa PWM SG6841 a tima ka potlako tlhahiso ea pulse.
Ntle le moo, kamora hore transistor Q902 e buloe, 15V referense voltage ea pin 7 ea PWM controller SG6841 e thehiloe ka kotloloho ka resistor R909 le transistor Q901.Ka tsela ena, motlakase oa setsi sa phepelo ea motlakase oa PWM controller SG6841 chip e fetoha 0, molaoli oa PWM o emisa ho hlahisa maqhubu a pulse, 'me tube ea switching le switching transformer e emisa ho sebetsa ho fihlela ts'ireletso ea matla a phahameng.
5. Rectifier filter potoloho
Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea filthara ea ho lokisa ke ho lokisa le ho sefa motlakase oa motlakase oa transformer ho fumana motlakase o tsitsitseng oa DC.Ka lebaka la ho lutla ha switching transformer le spike e bakoang ke morao-rao oa ho hlaphoheloa ha diode, ka bobeli li theha tšitiso e ka bang teng ea motlakase.Ka hona, ho fumana li-voltages tse hloekileng tsa 5V le 12V, motlakase o hlahisoang ke switching transformer o tlameha ho lokisoa le ho tlhotloa.
Potoloho ea "rectifier filter" haholo-holo e entsoe ka diode, li-resistors tsa filthara, li-filter capacitor, li-inductors tsa filthara, jj.
Setšoantšong, RC filter circuit (resistor R920 le capacitor C920, resistor R922 le capacitor C921) e kopantsoeng ka ho tšoana le diode D910 le D912 qetellong ea tlhahiso ea motlakase T901 e sebelisetsoa ho monya matla a matla a hlahisoang holim'a motlakase. diode D910 le D912.
Sefahla sa LC se entsoeng ka diode D910, capacitor C920, resistor R920, inductor L903, capacitors C922 le C924 se ka sefa tšitiso ea motlakase ea 12V voltage output ke transformer le ho hlahisa motlakase o tsitsitseng oa 12V.
Sefahla sa LC se entsoeng ka diode D912, capacitor C921, resistor R921, inductor L904, capacitors C923 le C925 se ka sefa tšitiso ea motlakase ea 5V output voltage ea transformer le ho hlahisa motlakase o tsitsitseng oa 5V.
6. Potoloho ea taolo ea 12V / 5V
Kaha matla a motlakase a 220V AC a fetoha ka har'a mefuta e itseng, ha matla a motlakase a phahama, motlakase o hlahisoang ke transformer potolohong ea matla le oona o tla phahama ka tsela e nepahetseng.Bakeng sa ho fumana li-voltages tse tsitsitseng tsa 5V le 12V, potoloho ea Regulator.
Potoloho ea taolo ea motlakase ea 12V/5V haholo-holo e entsoe ka precision voltage regulator (TL431), optocoupler, molaoli oa PWM, le mohanyetsi oa ho arola motlakase.
Palong, IC902 ke optocoupler, IC903 ke taolo ea motlakase e nepahetseng, 'me li-resistors R924 le R926 ke li-resistors tsa voltage divider.
Ha potoloho ea phepelo ea motlakase e sebetsa, motlakase oa 12V o tsoang ho DC o arotsoe ke li-resistor R924 le R926, 'me motlakase o hlahisoa ho R926, o kenyellelitsoeng ka kotloloho ho TL431 precision voltage regulator (ho terminal ea R).E ka tsejoa ho tloha ho li-parameter tsa ho hanyetsa ho potoloha Mohala ona o lekane feela ho bulela TL431.Ka tsela ena, motlakase oa 5V o ka phalla ka optocoupler le precision voltage regulator.Ha motlakase o phalla ka LED ea optocoupler, optocoupler IC902 e qala ho sebetsa 'me e phethela sampling ea voltage.
Ha motlakase oa motlakase oa 220V AC o phahama 'me motlakase o hlahisoang o nyoloha ka tsela e nepahetseng, hona joale o phallang ka optocoupler IC902 le oona o tla eketseha ka tsela e nepahetseng, 'me khanya ea diode e ntšang khanya ka hare ho optocoupler le eona e tla eketseha ho latela.Ho hanyetsa ka hare ho phototransistor ho boetse ho fetoha tse nyenyane ka nako e le 'ngoe, e le hore tekanyo ea conduction ea terminal ea phototransistor e tla boela e matlafatsoe.Ha tekanyo ea conduction ea phototransistor e matlafatsoa, motlakase oa pin 2 oa PWM ea taolo ea matla SG6841 chip e tla theoha ka nako e le 'ngoe.Kaha motlakase ona o eketsoa ho kenyelletsong e kenang ea amplifier ea phoso ea ka hare ea SG6841, potoloho ea mosebetsi oa phallo ea phallo ea SG6841 e laoloa ho fokotsa motlakase o tsoang.Ka tsela ena, overvoltage output feedback loop e thehoa ho finyella mosebetsi oa ho tsitsisa tlhahiso, 'me motlakase o hlahisoang o ka tsitsisoa hoo e ka bang 12V le 5V.
tlhahiso:
Optocoupler e sebelisa leseli e le mokhoa oa ho fetisa melaetsa ea motlakase.E na le phello e ntle ea ho itšehla thajana ho lipontšo tsa motlakase tse kenang le tse tsoang, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo lipotolohong tse fapaneng.Hona joale, e se e le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic tse fapaneng ka ho fetisisa le tse sebelisoang haholo.Optocoupler ka kakaretso e na le likarolo tse tharo: emission ea leseli, kamohelo ea leseli, le matlafatso ea mats'oao.Letšoao la motlakase le kenang le khanna leseli-emitting diode (LED) ho ntša khanya ea wavelength e itseng, e amoheloang ke photodetector ho hlahisa photocurrent, e ntseng e eketseha le ho tsoa.Sena se phethela phetoho ea motlakase-optical-motlakase, kahoo e bapala karolo ea ho kenya letsoho, ho ntša, le ho itšehla thajana.Kaha tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea optocoupler li arohane ho tloha ho tse ling, 'me phetisetso ea pontšo ea motlakase e na le litšobotsi tsa unidirectionality, e na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho thibela motlakase le bokhoni ba ho thibela ho kena-kenana.'Me hobane qetello ea ho kenya ea optocoupler ke ntho e tlaase-impedance e sebetsang ka mokhoa oa hona joale, e na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho hana mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Ka hona, e ka ntlafatsa haholo karo-karolelano ea lerata-ho-lerata e le ntho ea ho itšehla thajana phetisong ea nako e telele ea tlhahisoleseling.E le sesebelisoa sa sebopeho sa ho itšehla thajana ho puisano ea dijithale ea khomphutha le taolo ea nako ea nnete, e ka eketsa haholo ts'epahalo ea mosebetsi oa komporo.
7. overvoltage tšireletso potoloho
Mosebetsi oa potoloho ea ts'ireletso ea overvoltage ke ho lemoha matla a tsoang ho potoloho ea tlhahiso.Ha motlakase oa motlakase oa motlakase o phahama ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, phallo ea pulse e tima ke molaoli oa PWM ho finyella morero oa ho sireletsa potoloho.
Potoloho ea tšireletso ea overvoltage haholo-holo e entsoe ka molaoli oa PWM, optocoupler, le tube ea taolo ea voltage.Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se kaholimo, "voltage regulator tube" ZD902 kapa ZD903 setšoantšong sa schematic schematic e sebelisoa ho bona motlakase o tsoang.
Ha motlakase oa bobeli oa motlakase oa phetoho o phahama ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, "voltage regulator tube" ZD902 kapa ZD903 e tla robeha, e leng se tla etsa hore khanya ea tube e ntšang leseli ka hare ho optocoupler e eketsehe ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, e leng se etsang hore pinana ea bobeli ea molaoli oa PWM e be teng. ho feta hara optocoupler.Phototransistor ka hare ho sesebelisoa e thehiloe, molaoli oa PWM o potlakisa ho khaola phallo ea pin 8, 'me tube ea ho fetola le ho fetola mochine o emisa ho sebetsa hang-hang ho finyella morero oa ho sireletsa potoloho.
Nako ea poso: Oct-07-2023